Gufy Media: Explanation Text - Tsunami

Tsunami

  Tsunami is a Japanese word, meaning “harbour wave” and is used as the scientific term for a seismic sea wave generated by an undersea earthquake or possibly an undersea landslide or volcanic eruption. When the ocean floor is tilted or offset during an earthquake, a set of waves is created similar to the concentric waves generated by an object dropped into the water. Most tsunamis originate along the Ring of fire, a zone of volcanoes and seismic activity, 32,500 km (24,000 mi) long, that encircles the Pacific Ocean. Since 1819, about 40 tsunamis have struck the Hawaiian Islands.

  A tsunami can have wave-lengths or widths of 100 to 200 km (60 to 120 mi), and may travel hundreds of kilometres across the deep ocean, reaching speeds of about 725 to 800 km/h (about 450 to 500 mph). Upon entering shallow coastal waters, the wave, which may have been only about half a meter (a foot or two) high out at sea, suddenly grows rapidly. When the wave reaches the shore, it may be 15 m (50 ft) high or more. Tsunamis have tremendous energy because of the great volume of water affected. They are capable of obliterating coastal settlements.

  Tsunamis should not be confused with storm surges, which are domes of water that rise underneath hurricanes or cyclones and cause extensive coastal flooding when the storms reach land. Storm surges are particularly devastating if they occur at high tide. A cyclone and accompanying storm surge killed an estimated 500,000 people in Bangladesh in 1970.

Taken from: Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia

Answer these questions based on the text above.

1. From what language does the word ‘tsunami’ come?
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2. What does it mean?
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3. What are the causes of tsunami?
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4. Where does tsunami mostly happen?
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5. What is the famous place struck by tsunami the most often in the world?
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6. What is the common speed of tsunami?
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7. How high is the wave of tsunami when it reaches the shore?
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8. What makes tsunamis have tremendous energy?
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9. What are the general causes of storm?
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10. When can storm become devastating?
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